Break and Continue

List<Integer> orderIds = new List<Integer>{101, 102, 103, 104, 105};

for (Integer orderId : orderIds) {
    if (orderId == 103) {
        System.debug('Found order 103, stopping search.');
        break;
    }
    System.debug('Checked order ' + orderId);
}

1. List<Integer> orderIds = new List<Integer>{101, 102, 103, 104, 105}; — five order IDs.
2. (blank line)
3. for (Integer orderId : orderIds) { — checks each ID in turn.
4. if (orderId == 103) { — true once orderId reaches 103.
5. System.debug('Found order 103, stopping search.'); — runs at that point.
6. break; — exits the loop immediately — 104 and 105 are never even checked.
7. } — closes the if.
8. System.debug('Checked order ' + orderId); — runs for every ID that didn't match line 4 (101 and 102).
9. } — closes the loop.

This is useful once you've found what you were looking for and don't need to keep going.

List<Integer> quantities = new List<Integer>{5, 0, 8, 0, 3};

for (Integer quantity : quantities) {
    if (quantity == 0) {
        continue;
    }
    System.debug('Processing quantity: ' + quantity);
}

1. List<Integer> quantities = new List<Integer>{5, 0, 8, 0, 3}; — five quantities, including two zeros.
2. (blank line)
3. for (Integer quantity : quantities) { — checks each quantity in turn.
4. if (quantity == 0) { — true for the two zero entries.
5. continue; — skips only the rest of the current pass; the loop moves straight on to the next item instead of stopping altogether.
6. } — closes the if.
7. System.debug('Processing quantity: ' + quantity); — runs for every quantity that wasn't zero: 5, 8, and 3.
8. } — closes the loop.

List<Integer> candidateScores = new List<Integer>{45, 62, 88, 30, 91};

for (Integer score : candidateScores) {
    if (score < 50) {
        continue; // doesn't meet the minimum bar, skip to the next candidate
    }
    if (score >= 90) {
        System.debug('Score ' + score + ' — fast-track to final round.');
        break; // found a top candidate, no need to keep screening
    }
    System.debug('Score ' + score + ' — standard review.');
}

1. List<Integer> candidateScores = new List<Integer>{45, 62, 88, 30, 91}; — five scores.
2. (blank line)
3. for (Integer score : candidateScores) { — checks each score in turn.
4. if (score < 50) { — true for 45 and 30.
5. continue; — skips those candidates entirely, moving to the next score.
6. } — closes that if.
7. if (score >= 90) { — true once score reaches 91.
8. System.debug('Score ' + score + ' — fast-track to final round.'); — runs for that candidate.
9. break; — stops screening entirely — no need to look at any candidates after this one.
10. } — closes that if.
11. System.debug('Score ' + score + ' — standard review.'); — runs for every score that cleared line 4 but didn't trigger line 7 (here, 62 and 88).
12. } — closes the loop.

continue filters out candidates who don't clear a minimum bar; break stops screening entirely once a standout is found — both express "change the loop's normal path" but in different ways.